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67 <h1>CAcert CPS and CP</h1>
69 <a href="PolicyOnPolicy.html"><img src="cacert-draft.png" alt="CAcert Policy Status" height="31" width="88" style="border-style: none;" /></a><br />
70 Creation date: 20060726<br />
71 Status: DRAFT p20091108<br />
72 <!-- $Id: CertificationPracticeStatement.html,v 1.3 2012-07-27 16:00:29 wytze Exp $ -->
78 <li> <a href="#p1">INTRODUCTION</a>
80 <li><a href="#p1.1">1.1. Overview</a></li>
81 <li><a href="#p1.2">1.2. Document name and identification</a></li>
82 <li><a href="#p1.3">1.3. PKI participants</a> </li>
83 <li><a href="#p1.4">1.4. Certificate usage</a> </li>
84 <li><a href="#p1.5">1.5. Policy administration</a> </li>
85 <li><a href="#p1.6">1.6. Definitions and acronyms</a></li>
88 <li> <a href="#p2">PUBLICATION AND REPOSITORY RESPONSIBILITIES</a>
90 <li><a href="#p2.1">2.1. Repositories</a></li>
91 <li><a href="#p2.2">2.2. Publication of certification information</a></li>
92 <li><a href="#p2.3">2.3. Time or frequency of publication</a></li>
93 <li><a href="#p2.4">2.4. Access controls on repositories</a></li>
96 <li> <a href="#p3">IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION (I&A)</a>
98 <li><a href="#p3.1">3.1. Naming</a> </li>
99 <li><a href="#p3.2">3.2. Initial Identity Verification</a> </li>
100 <li><a href="#p3.3">3.3. I&A for Re-key Requests</a> </li>
101 <li><a href="#p3.4">3.4. I&A for Revocation Request</a></li>
104 <li><a href="#p4">CERTIFICATE LIFE-CYCLE OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS</a>
106 <li><a href="#p4.1">4.1. Certificate Application</a> </li>
107 <li><a href="#p4.2">4.2. Certificate application processing</a> </li>
108 <li><a href="#p4.3">4.3. Certificate issuance</a> </li>
109 <li><a href="#p4.4">4.4. Certificate acceptance</a> </li>
110 <li><a href="#p4.5">4.5. Key pair and certificate usage</a> </li>
111 <li><a href="#p4.6">4.6. Certificate renewal</a> </li>
112 <li><a href="#p4.7">4.7. Certificate re-key</a> </li>
113 <li><a href="#p4.8">4.8. Certificate modification</a> </li>
114 <li><a href="#p4.9">4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension</a> </li>
115 <li><a href="#p4.10">4.10. Certificate status services</a> </li>
116 <li><a href="#p4.11">4.11. End of subscription</a></li>
117 <li><a href="#p4.12">4.12. Key escrow and recovery</a> </li>
120 <li><a href="#p5">FACILITY, MANAGEMENT, AND OPERATIONAL CONTROLS</a>
122 <li><a href="#p5.1">5.1. Physical controls</a> </li>
123 <li><a href="#p5.2">5.2. Procedural controls</a> </li>
124 <li><a href="#p5.3">5.3. Personnel controls</a> </li>
125 <li><a href="#p5.4">5.4. Audit logging procedures</a> </li>
126 <li><a href="#p5.5">5.5. Records archival</a> </li>
127 <li><a href="#p5.6">5.6. Key changeover</a></li>
128 <li><a href="#p5.7">5.7. Compromise and disaster recovery</a> </li>
129 <li><a href="#p5.8">5.8. CA or RA termination</a></li>
132 <li><a href="#p6">TECHNICAL SECURITY CONTROLS</a>
134 <li><a href="#p6.1">6.1. Key pair generation and installation</a> </li>
135 <li><a href="#p6.2">6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module Engineering Controls</a> </li>
136 <li><a href="#p6.3">6.3. Other aspects of key pair management</a> </li>
137 <li><a href="#p6.4">6.4. Activation data</a> </li>
138 <li><a href="#p6.5">6.5. Computer security controls</a> </li>
139 <li><a href="#p6.6">6.6. Life cycle technical controls</a> </li>
140 <li><a href="#p6.7">6.7. Network security controls</a></li>
141 <li><a href="#p6.8">6.8. Time-stamping</a></li>
144 <li><a href="#p7">CERTIFICATE, CRL, AND OCSP PROFILES</a>
146 <li><a href="#p7.1">7.1. Certificate profile</a> </li>
147 <li><a href="#p7.2">7.2. CRL profile</a> </li>
148 <li><a href="#p7.3">7.3. OCSP profile</a> </li>
151 <li><a href="#p8">COMPLIANCE AUDIT AND OTHER ASSESSMENTS</a>
153 <li><a href="#p8.1">8.1. Frequency or circumstances of assessment</a></li>
154 <li><a href="#p8.2">8.2. Identity/qualifications of assessor</a></li>
155 <li><a href="#p8.3">8.3. Assessor's relationship to assessed entity</a></li>
156 <li><a href="#p8.4">8.4. Topics covered by assessment</a></li>
157 <li><a href="#p8.5">8.5. Actions taken as a result of deficiency</a></li>
158 <li><a href="#p8.6">8.6. Communication of results</a></li>
161 <li><a href="#p9">OTHER BUSINESS AND LEGAL MATTERS</a>
163 <li><a href="#p9.1">9.1. Fees</a> </li>
164 <li><a href="#p9.2">9.2. Financial responsibility</a> </li>
165 <li><a href="#p9.3">9.3. Confidentiality of business information</a> </li>
166 <li><a href="#p9.4">9.4. Privacy of personal information</a> </li>
167 <li><a href="#p9.5">9.5. Intellectual property rights</a></li>
168 <li><a href="#p9.6">9.6. Representations and warranties</a> </li>
169 <li><a href="#p9.7">9.7. Disclaimers of warranties</a></li>
170 <li><a href="#p9.8">9.8. Limitations of liability</a></li>
171 <li><a href="#p9.9">9.9. Indemnities</a></li>
172 <li><a href="#p9.10">9.10. Term and termination</a> </li>
173 <li><a href="#p9.11">9.11. Individual notices and communications with participants</a></li>
174 <li><a href="#p9.12">9.12. Amendments</a> </li>
175 <li><a href="#p9.13">9.13. Dispute resolution provisions</a></li>
176 <li><a href="#p9.14">9.14. Governing law</a></li>
177 <li><a href="#p9.15">9.15. Compliance with applicable law</a></li>
178 <li><a href="#p9.16">9.16. Miscellaneous provisions</a> </li>
187 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
188 <h2><a name="p1" id="p1">1. INTRODUCTION</a></h2>
190 <h3><a name="p1.1" id="p1.1">1.1. Overview</a></h3>
193 This document is the Certification Practice Statement (CPS) of
194 CAcert, the Community Certification Authority (CA).
195 It describes rules and procedures used by CAcert for
197 and applies to all CAcert PKI Participants,
198 including Assurers, Members, and CAcert itself.
204 <h3><a name="p1.2" id="p1.2">1.2. Document name and identification</a></h3>
207 This document is the Certification Practice Statement (CPS) of CAcert.
208 The CPS also fulfills the role of the Certificate Policy (CP)
209 for each class of certificate.
214 This document is COD6 under CAcert Official Documents numbering scheme.
217 The document is structured according to
219 <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3647.txt">RFC3647</a>,
220 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3647#section-4">chapter 4</a>.
221 All headings derive from that Chapter.
224 It has been improved and reviewed (or will be reviewed)
225 to meet or exceed the criteria of the
226 <cite>Certificate Authority Review Checklist</cite>
227 from <i>David E. Ross</i> ("DRC")
228 and Mozilla Foundation's CA policy.
231 OID assigned to this document: 1.3.6.1.4.1.18506.4.4.x (x=approved Version)
232 (<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers">iana.org</a>)
233 <p class="q"> .x will change to .1 in the first approved instance.</p>
236 © CAcert Inc. 2006-2009.
237 <!-- note that CCS policies must be controlled by CAcert Inc. -->
240 Issued under the CAcert document licence policy,
241 as and when made policy.
242 See <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/DocumentLicence">
243 PolicyDrafts/DocumentLicence</a>.
245 <li> The cited page discusses 2 options: CCau Attribute-Share-alike and GNU Free Document License. Refer to that. </li>
246 <li> Note that the noun Licence in Australian English has two Cs. The verb License is spelt the same way as American English. </li>
250 Earlier notes were written by Christian Barmala
251 in a document placed under GNU Free Document License
252 and under FSF copyright.
253 However this clashed with the control provisions of
254 Configuration-Control Specification
255 (COD2) within Audit criteria.
258 <span class="q">In this document:</span>
261 <span class="q">green text</span>
262 refers to questions that seek answers,
264 <span class="error">red text</span>
265 refers to probably audit fails or serious errors.
267 <span class="change">blue text</span>
268 refers to changes written after the document got seriously reviewed.
271 None is to be considered part of the policy,
272 and they should disappear in the DRAFT
273 and must disappear in the POLICY.
278 Some content is incorporated under
279 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/license.html">Creative Commons license</a> -->
280 <!-- from <a href="http://xkcd.com/">xkcd.com</a>. -->
287 The CPS is an authoritive document,
288 and rules other documents
289 except where explicitly deferred to.
290 See also <a href="#p1.5.1">1.5.1 Organisation Administering the Document</a>.
293 <h3><a name="p1.3" id="p1.3">1.3. PKI participants</a></h3>
295 The CA is legally operated by CAcert Incorporated,
296 an Association registered in 2002 in
297 New South Wales, Australia,
298 on behalf of the wider Community of Members of CAcert.
299 The Association details are at the
300 <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/CAcertIncorporated">CAcert wiki</a>.
304 CAcert is a Community formed of Members who agree to the
305 <a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">
306 CAcert Community Agreement</a>.
307 The CA is technically operated by the Community,
308 under the direction of the Board of CAcert Incorporated.
309 (The Members of the Community are not to be confused
310 with the <i>Association Members</i>, which latter are
311 not referred to anywhere in this CPS.)
314 <h4><a name="p1.3.1" id="p1.3.1">1.3.1. Certification authorities</a></h4>
316 CAcert does not issue certificates to external
317 intermediate CAs under the present CPS.
320 <h4><a name="p1.3.2" id="p1.3.2">1.3.2. Registration authorities</a></h4>
322 Registration Authorities (RAs) are controlled under Assurance Policy
323 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
326 <h4><a name="p1.3.3" id="p1.3.3">1.3.3. Subscribers</a></h4>
329 CAcert issues certificates to Members only.
330 Such Members then become Subscribers.
334 <h4><a name="p1.3.4" id="p1.3.4">1.3.4. Relying parties</a></h4>
337 A relying party is a Member,
339 CAcert Community Agreement
340 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>),
341 who, in the act of using a CAcert certificate,
342 makes a decision on the basis of that certificate.
345 <h4><a name="p1.3.5" id="p1.3.5">1.3.5. Other participants</a></h4>
349 Membership of the Community is as defined in the
350 <a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>.
351 Only Members may RELY or may become Subscribers.
357 A senior and experienced Member of the CAcert Community
358 who resolves disputes between Members, including ones
359 of certificate reliance, under
360 Dispute Resolution Policy
361 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/DisputeResolutionPolicy.html">COD7</a>).
366 Software suppliers who integrate the root certificates of CAcert
367 into their software also assume a proxy role of Relying Parties,
368 and are subject to another licence.
370 At the time of writing, the
371 "3rd Party Vendor - Disclaimer and Licence"
372 is being worked upon, but is neither approved nor offered.
377 <b>Non-Related Persons</b> (NRPs).
378 These are users of browsers and similar software who are
379 unaware of the CAcert certificates they may use, and
380 are unaware of the ramifications of usage.
381 Their relationship with CAcert
383 Non-related Persons - Disclaimer and Licence
384 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/NRPDisclaimerAndLicence.html">COD4</a>).
385 No other rights nor relationship is implied or offered.
389 <h3><a name="p1.4" id="p1.4">1.4. Certificate usage</a></h3>
391 <p>CAcert serves as issuer of certificates for
392 individuals, businesses, governments, charities,
393 associations, churches, schools,
394 non-governmental organisations or other groups.
395 CAcert certificates are intended for low-cost
396 community applications especially where volunteers can
397 become Assurers and help CAcert to help the Community.
401 Types of certificates and their appropriate and
402 corresponding applications are defined in
403 <a href="#p1.4.1">§1.4.1</a>.
404 Prohibited applications are defined in <a href="#p1.4.2">§1.4.2</a>.
405 Specialist uses may be agreed by contract or within
406 a specific environment, as described in
407 <a href="#p1.4.4">§1.4.4</a>.
409 unreliable applications in
410 <a href="#p1.4.3">§1.4.3</a>
411 and risks, liabilities and obligations in
412 <a href="#p9">§9</a>.
417 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
419 <td colspan="2"><center><i>Type</i></center></td>
420 <td colspan="2"><center><i>Appropriate Certificate uses</i></center></td>
425 <th><center>Description</center></th>
426 <th><center>Comments</center></th>
429 <td rowspan="2"><center>Server</center></td>
431 <td> web server encryption </td>
432 <td> enables encryption </td>
436 <td> embedded server authentication </td>
437 <td> mail servers, IM-servers </td>
440 <td rowspan="4"><center>Client</center></td>
442 <td> email encryption </td>
443 <td> "digital signatures" employed in S/MIME
444 are not legal / human signatures,
445 but instead enable the encryption mode of S/MIME </td>
449 <td> client authentication </td>
450 <td> the nodes must be secure </td>
454 <td> web based signature applications </td>
455 <td> the certificate authenticates only. See <a href="#p1.4.3">§1.4.3</a>. </td>
458 <td> "Digital Signing" </td>
459 <td> for human signing over documents </td>
460 <td> Only within a wider application and rules
461 such as by separate policy,
462 as agreed by contract, etc.
463 See <a href="#p1.4.4">§1.4.4</a>.
467 <td><center>Code</center></td>
468 <td> Authenticode, ElfSign, Java </td>
469 <td> Code Signing </td>
470 <td> Signatures on packages are evidence of their Membership and indicative of Identity </td>
473 <td><center>PGP</center></td>
475 <td> Key Signing </td>
476 <td> Signatures on Member Keys are evidence of their Membership and indicative of Identity </td>
479 <td><center>Special</center></td>
481 <td> OCSP, Timestamping </td>
482 <td> Only available to CAcert Systems Administrators, as controlled by Security Policy </td>
486 <span class="figure">Table 1.4. Types of Certificate</span>
489 <h4><a name="p1.4.1" id="p1.4.1">1.4.1. Appropriate certificate uses</a></h4>
496 CAcert server certificates can be used to enable encryption
497 protection in web servers.
498 Suitable applications include webmail and chat forums.
500 CAcert server certificates can be used to enable encryption
501 in SSL/TLS links in embedded protocols such as mail servers
504 CAcert client certificates can be used to enable encryption
505 protection in email clients.
506 (See <a href="#p1.4.3">§1.4.3</a> for caveat on signatures.)
508 CAcert client certificates can be used to replace password-based
509 authentication to web servers.
511 OpenPGP keys with CAcert signatures can be used
512 to encrypt and sign files and emails,
513 using software compatible with OpenPGP.
515 CAcert client certificates can be used in web-based
516 authentication applications.
518 CAcert code signing certificates can be used to sign code
519 for distribution to other people.
521 Time stamping can be used to attach a time record
522 to a digital document.
526 <h4><a name="p1.4.2" id="p1.4.2">1.4.2. Prohibited certificate uses</a></h4>
528 CAcert certificates are not designed, intended, or authorised for
529 the following applications:
532 Use or resale as control equipment in hazardous circumstances
533 or for uses requiring fail-safe performance such as the operation
534 of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems,
535 air traffic control systems, or weapons control systems,
536 where failure could lead directly to death, personal injury,
537 or severe environmental damage.
540 <h4><a name="p1.4.3" id="p1.4.3">1.4.3. Unreliable Applications</a></h4>
543 CAcert certificates are not designed nor intended for use in
544 the following applications, and may not be reliable enough
545 for these applications:
549 <b>Signing within Protocols.</b>
550 Digital signatures made by CAcert certificates carry
551 <u>NO default legal or human meaning</u>.
552 See <a href="#p9.15.1">§9.15.1</a>.
553 Especially, protocols such as S/MIME commonly will automatically
554 apply digital signatures as part of their protocol needs.
555 The purpose of the cryptographic signature in S/MIME
556 and similar protocols is limited by default to strictly
557 protocol security purposes:
558 to provide some confirmation that a familiar certificate
559 is in use, to enable encryption, and to ensure the integrity
560 of the email in transit.
562 <b>Non-repudiation applications.</b>
563 Non-repudiation is not to be implied from use of
564 CAcert certificates. Rather, certificates may
565 provide support or evidence of actions, but that
566 evidence is testable in any dispute.
568 <b>Ecommerce applications.</b>
569 Financial transactions or payments or valuable e-commerce.
571 Use of anonymous (Class 1 or Member SubRoot) certificates
572 in any application that requires or expects identity.
575 <!-- <center><a href="http://xkcd.com/341/"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/1337_part_1.png"> </a> </center> -->
577 <h4><a name="p1.4.4" id="p1.4.4">1.4.4. Limited certificate uses</a></h4>
580 By contract or within a specific environment
581 (e.g. internal to a company),
582 CAcert Members are permitted to use Certificates
583 for higher security, customised or experimental applications.
584 Any such usage, however, is limited to such entities
585 and these entities take on the whole responsible for
586 any harm or liability caused by such usage.
590 <b>Digital signing applications.</b>
591 CAcert client certificates
592 may be used by Assured Members in
593 applications that provide or support the human signing of documents
594 (known here as "digital signing").
595 This must be part of a wider framework and set of rules.
597 must be documented either under a separate CAcert digital signing
598 policy or other external regime agreed by the parties.
601 <h4><a name="p1.4.5" id="p1.4.5">1.4.5. Roots and Names</a></h4>
604 <b>Named Certificates.</b>
605 Assured Members may be issued certificates
606 with their verified names in the certificate. In this role, CAcert
607 operates and supports a network of Assurers who verify the
608 identity of the Members.
609 All Names are verified, either by Assurance or another defined
610 method under policy (c.f. Organisations).
614 <b>Anonymous Certificates.</b>
615 Members can be issued certificates that are anonymous,
616 which is defined as the certificate with no Name included,
617 or a shared name such as "Community Member".
618 These may be considered to be somewhere between Named certificates
619 and self-signed certificates. They have serial numbers in them
620 which is ultimately traceable via dispute to a Member, but
621 reliance is undefined.
622 In this role, CAcert provides the
623 infrastructure, saving the Members from managing a difficult
624 and messy process in order to get manufactured certificates.
628 <b>Psuedonymous Certificates.</b>
629 Note that CAcert does not currently issue pseudonymous certificates,
630 being those with a name chosen by the Member and not verifiable
631 according to documents.
635 <b>Advanced Certificates.</b>
636 Members who are as yet unassured are not permitted to create
637 advanced forms such as wildcard or subjectAltName
644 The <span class="q"> (new) </span> CAcert root layout is as below.
645 These roots are pending Audit,
646 and will be submitted to vendors via the (Top-level) Root.
649 <b>(Top-level) Root.</b>
650 Used to sign on-line CAcert SubRoots only.
651 This Root is kept offline.
653 <b>Member SubRoot.</b>
654 For Community Members who are new and unassured (some restrictions exist).
655 Reliance is undefined.
656 (Replacement for the Class 1 root, matches "Domain Validation" type.)
658 <b>Assured SubRoot.</b>
659 Only available for Assured individual Members,
660 intended to sign certificates with Names.
661 Suitable for Reliance under this and other policies.
662 Approximates the type known as Individual Validation.
664 <b>Organisation SubRoot.</b>
665 Only available for Assured Organisation Members.
666 Suitable for Reliance under this and other policies.
667 Approximates the type known as Organisational Validation.
674 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
677 <td colspan="5"><center><i>Level of Assurance</i></center></td>
682 <th colspan="2"><center> Members † </center></th>
683 <th colspan="2"><center> Assured Members</center></th>
684 <th colspan="1"><center> Assurers </center></th>
685 <th colspan="1"><center> </center></th>
688 <td><i>Class of Root</i></td>
694 <td colspan="1"><center><i>Remarks</i></center></td>
697 <td><center>Top level<br><big><b>Root</b></big></center></td>
698 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> • </font> </center> </td>
699 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> • </font> </center> </td>
700 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> • </font> </center> </td>
701 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> • </font> </center> </td>
702 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> • </font> </center> </td>
703 <td> Signs other CAcert SubRoots only. </td>
706 <td><center><big><b>Member</b></big><br>SubRoot</center></td>
707 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
708 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
709 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
710 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
711 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
712 <td> † For Members meeting basic checks in <a href="#p4.2.2">§4.2.2</a><br>(Reliance is undefined.) </td>
715 <td><center><big><b>Assured</b></big><br>SubRoot</center></td>
716 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
717 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
718 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
719 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
720 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
721 <td> Assured Members only.<br>Fully intended for reliance. </td>
724 <td><center><big><b>Organisation</b></big><br>SubRoot</center></td>
725 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
726 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
727 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
728 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
729 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
730 <td> Assured Organisation Members only.<br>Fully intended for reliance. </td>
733 <th>Expiry of Certificates</th>
734 <td colspan="2"><center>6 months</center></td>
735 <td colspan="3"><center>24 months</center></td>
739 <td colspan="2"><center>client, server</center></td>
740 <td colspan="2"><center>wildcard, subjectAltName</center></td>
741 <td colspan="1"><center>code-signing</center></td>
742 <td> (Inclusive to the left.) </td>
746 <span class="figure">Table 1.4.5.b Certificate under Audit Roots</span>
751 Following information on OLD roots here for
752 descriptive and historical purposes only.
753 When CPS goes to DRAFT, this needs to be
754 converted into a short summary of the way
755 OLD roots are used and its relationship to
756 this CPS. E.g., "OLD roots are used for
757 testing and other purposes outside this CPS."
758 Because ... they still exist, and people will
759 look at the CPS to figure it out.
763 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
766 <td colspan="4"><center><i>Level of Assurance</i></center></td>
771 <th colspan="2"><center>Members</center></th>
772 <th colspan="2"><center>Assured Members</center></th>
773 <th colspan="1"><center> </center></th>
776 <td><i>Class of Root</i></td>
781 <td colspan="1"><center><i>Remarks</i></center></td>
784 <td><center>Class<br><big><b>1</b></big></center></td>
785 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
786 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
787 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
788 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
789 <td> Available for all Members,<br>reliance is undefined.</td>
792 <td><center>Class<br><big><b>3</b></big></center></td>
793 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
794 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center> </td>
795 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
796 <td> <center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center> </td>
797 <td> Assured Members only.<br> Intended for Reliance. </td>
800 <th>Expiry of Certificates</th>
801 <td colspan="2"><center>6 months</center></td>
802 <td colspan="2"><center>24 months</center></td>
805 <th>Types available</th>
806 <td colspan="2"><center>simple only</center></td>
807 <td colspan="2"><center>wildcard, subjectAltName</center></td>
811 <span class="figure">Table 1.4.5. Certificates under Old Roots - <b>Audit Fail</b> </span>
816 The old CAcert root layout is as below. These roots are <b>Audit Fail</b>
817 and will only be used where new roots do not serve:
820 (old) <b>Class 1 root.</b>
821 Used primarily for certificates with no names and by
823 For compatibility only,
824 Assured Members may also use this root.
826 (old) <b>Class 3 root.</b>
827 Used primarily for certificates including the names
829 Signed by Class 1 root.
830 Members can decide to rely on these
831 certificates for Assured Members
832 by selecting the Class 3 root for
833 Assured Members as trust anchor.
837 <li> Current Mozilla position has drifted from Class 1,2,3s to DV, IV+OV and EV posture. Except, the actual posture is either unstated or difficult to fathom.</li>
838 <li> scheme for future roots is at <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/Roots/NewRootsTaskForce">NewRootsTaskForce</a>.</li>
839 <li>END OLD ROOTS </li>
842 <h3><a name="p1.5" id="p1.5">1.5. Policy administration</a></h3>
844 <p>See <a href="#p1.2">1.2 Document Name and Identification</a>
845 for general scope of this document.</p>
847 <h4><a name="p1.5.1" id="p1.5.1">1.5.1. Organization administering the document</a></h4>
850 This document is administered by the policy group of
851 the CAcert Community under Policy on Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.html">COD1</a>).
854 <h4><a name="p1.5.2" id="p1.5.2">1.5.2. Contact person</a></h4>
856 For questions including about this document:
860 <li>Join the policy group, by means of the discussion forum at
861 <a href="http://lists.cacert.org/mailman/listinfo">
862 lists.cacert.org</a> . </li>
863 <li>Send email to < support AT cacert DOT org > </li>
864 <li>IRC: irc.cacert.org #CAcert (ssl port 7000, non-ssl port 6667)</li>
867 <h4><a name="p1.5.3" id="p1.5.3">1.5.3. Person determining CPS suitability for the policy</a></h4>
869 This CPS and all other policy documents are managed by
870 the policy group, which is a group of Members of the
871 Community found at policy forum. See discussion forums above.
874 <h4><a name="p1.5.4" id="p1.5.4">1.5.4. CPS approval procedures</a></h4>
876 CPS is controlled and updated according to the
878 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/PolicyOnPolicy.html">COD1</a>)
880 Configuration-Control Specification (COD2).
884 In brief, the policy forum prepares and discusses.
885 After a last call, the document moves to DRAFT status
886 for a defined period.
887 If no challenges have been received in the defined period,
888 it moves to POLICY status.
889 The process is modelled after some elements of
890 the RFC process by the IETF.
893 <h4><a name="p1.5.5" id="p1.5.5">1.5.5 CPS updates</a></h4>
900 <h3><a name="p1.6" id="p1.6">1.6. Definitions and acronyms</a></h3>
902 <b><a name="d_cert" id="d_cert">Certificate</a></b>.
903 A certificate is a piece of cryptographic data used
904 to validate certain statements, especially those of
905 identity and membership.
908 <b><a name="d_cacert" id="d_cacert">CAcert</a></b>.
909 CAcert is a Community certificate authority as defined under
910 <a href="#p1.2">§1.2 Identification</a>.
913 <b><a name="d_member" id="d_member">Member</a></b>.
914 Everyone who agrees to the
915 CAcert Community Agreement
916 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>).
917 This generally implies having an account registered
918 at CAcert and making use of CAcert's data, programs or services.
919 A Member may be an individual ("natural person")
920 or an organisation (sometimes, "legal person").
923 <b><a name="d_community" id="d_community">Community</a></b>.
924 The group of Members who agree to the
925 CAcert Community Agreement
926 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>)
927 or equivalent agreements.
930 <b><a name="d_unassured" id="d_unassured">Unassured Member</a></b>.
931 A Member who has not yet been Assured.
934 <b><a name="d_subscriber" id="d_subscriber">Subscriber</a></b>.
935 A Member who requests and receives a certificate.
938 <b><a name="d_assured" id="d_assured">Assured Member</a></b>.
939 A Member whose identity has been sufficiently
940 verified by Assurers or other
941 approved methods under Assurance Policy.
944 <b><a name="d_assurer" id="d_assurer">Assurer</a></b>.
945 An Assured Member who is authorised under Assurance Policy
946 to verify the identity of other Members.
949 <b><a name="d_name" id="d_name">Name</a></b>.
952 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>),
953 to describe a name of a Member
954 that is verified by the Assurance process.
956 <b><a name="d_oadmin" id="d_oadmin">Organisation Administrator</a></b>.
958 An Assurer who is authorised to act for an Organisation.
959 The O-Admin is authorised by an organisation
960 to vouch for the identity of other users of the organisation.
963 <b><a name="d_org_ass" id="d_org_ass">Organisation Assurer</a></b>.
964 An Assurer who is authorised to conduct assurances on
968 <b><a name="d_user" id="d_user">Non-Related Persons</a></b>.
970 are general users of browsers and similar software.
971 The NRPs are generally unaware of
972 CAcert or the certificates that they may use, and
973 are unaware of the ramifications of usage.
974 They are not permitted to RELY, but may USE, under the
975 Non-Related Persons - Disclaimer and Licence (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/NRPDisclaimerAndLicence.html">COD4</a>).
978 <b><a name="rel" id="d_reliance">Reliance</a></b>.
979 An industry term referring to
980 the act of making a decision, including taking a risk,
981 which decision is in part or in whole
982 informed or on the basis of the contents of a certificate.
985 <b><a name="rel" id="rel">Relying Party</a></b>.
986 An industry term refering to someone who relies
987 (that is, makes decisions or takes risks)
988 in part or in whole on a certificate.
991 <b>Subscriber Naming.</b>
992 The term used in this CPS to
993 describe all naming data within a certificate.
994 Approximately similar terms from Industry such as
995 "Subject naming" and "Distinguished Name"
999 <b><a name="ver" id="d_verification">Verification</a></b>.
1000 An industry term referring to
1001 the act of checking and controlling
1002 the accuracy and utility of a single claim.
1005 <b><a name="ver" id="d_validation">Validation</a></b>.
1006 An industry term referring to the process of
1007 inspecting and verifying the information and
1008 subsidiary claims behind a claim.
1011 <b><a name="rel" id="rel">Usage</a></b>.
1012 The event of allowing a certificate to participate in
1013 a protocol, as decided and facilitated by a user's software.
1014 Generally, Usage does not require significant input, if any,
1015 on the part of the user.
1016 This defers all decisions to the user software,
1017 thus elevating the software as user's only and complete
1018 Validation Authority or Agent.
1021 <b><a name="drel" id="drel">CAcert Relying Party</a></b>.
1022 CAcert Members who make decisions based in part or in whole
1023 on a certificate issued by CAcert.
1024 Only CAcert Members are permitted to Rely on CAcert certificates,
1025 subject to the CAcert Community Agreement.
1028 <b><a name="ddst" id="ddst">Vendors</a></b>.
1029 Non-members who distribute CAcert's root or intermediate certificates
1030 in any way, including but not limited to delivering these
1031 certificates with their products, e.g. browsers, mailers or servers.
1032 Vendors are covered under a separate licence.
1033 <span class="q"> As of the moment, this licence is not written.</span>
1036 <b><a name="d_ccs" id="d_ccs">Configuration-Control Specification</a></b> "CCS".
1037 The audit criteria that controls this CPS.
1038 The CCS is documented in COD2, itself a controlled document under CCS.
1042 <b><a name="d_cod" id="d_cod">CAcert Official Document</a></b> (COD).
1043 Controlled Documents that are part of the CCS.
1048 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
1049 <h2><a name="p2" id="p2">2. PUBLICATION AND REPOSITORY RESPONSIBILITIES</a></h2>
1052 <h3><a name="p2.1" id="p2.1">2.1. Repositories</a></h3>
1055 CAcert operates no repositories in the sense
1056 of lookup for non-certificate-related information
1057 for the general public.
1061 Under the Assurance Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>),
1062 there are means for Members to search, retrieve
1063 and verify certain data about themselves and others.
1066 <h3><a name="p2.2" id="p2.2">2.2. Publication of certification information</a></h3>
1073 <li>A repository of CRLs. An OCSP responder is in operation.</li>
1074 <li>The root certificate and intermediate certificates.</li>
1078 CAcert does not expressly publish information on issued certificates.
1079 However, due to the purpose of certificates, and the essential
1080 public nature of Names and email addresses, all information within
1081 certificates is presumed to be public and published, once
1082 issued and delivered to the Member.
1085 <h3><a name="p2.3" id="p2.3">2.3. Time or frequency of publication</a></h3>
1088 Root and Intermediate Certificates and CRLs are
1089 made available on issuance.
1092 <h3><a name="p2.4" id="p2.4">2.4. Access controls on repositories</a></h3>
1093 <p> No stipulation. </p>
1097 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
1098 <h2><a name="p3" id="p3">3. IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION</a></h2>
1100 <h3><a name="p3.1" id="p3.1">3.1. Naming</a></h3>
1102 <h4><a name="p3.1.1" id="p3.1.1">3.1.1. Types of names</a></h4>
1105 <b>Client Certificates.</b>
1106 The Subscriber Naming consists of:
1109 <li><tt>subjectAltName=</tt>
1110 One, or more, of the Subscriber's verified email addresses,
1111 in rfc822Name format.
1114 <li>SSO in subjectAltName?.</li>
1116 <li><tt>EmailAddress=</tt>
1117 One, or more, of the Subscriber's verified email addresses.
1118 This is deprecated under
1119 RFC5280 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.6">4
1121 and is to be phased out. Also includes a SHA1 hash of a random number if
1122 the member selects SSO (Single Sign On ID) during submission of CSR.
1124 <li><tt>CN=</tt> The common name takes its value from one of:
1127 the string "<tt>CAcert WoT Member</tt>" may be used for
1128 anonymous certificates.
1130 For individual Members,
1131 a Name of the Subscriber,
1132 as Assured under AP.
1134 For Organisation Members,
1135 an organisation-chosen name,
1136 as verified under OAP.
1141 <li> <a href="http://bugs.cacert.org/view.php?id=672"> bug 672</a> filed on subjectAltName.</li>
1142 <li> O-Admin must verify as per <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDecisions">p20081016</a>. </li>
1143 <li> it is a wip for OAP to state how this is done. </li>
1144 <li> curiously, (RFC5280) verification is only mandated for subjectAltName not subject field. </li>
1145 <li> what Directory String is used in above? UTF8String is specified by RFC52804.1.2.6? is this important for the CPS to state?</li>
1149 <b>Individual Server Certificates.</b>
1150 The Subscriber Naming consists of:
1154 The common name is the host name out of a domain
1155 for which the Member is a domain master.
1157 <tt>subjectAltName=</tt>
1158 Additional host names for which the Member
1159 is a domain master may be added to permit the
1160 certificate to serve multiple domains on one IP number.
1162 All other fields are optional and must either match
1163 the CN or they must be empty
1167 <b>Certificates for Organisations.</b>
1168 In addition to the above, the following applies:
1173 organizationalUnitName (set by O-Admin, must be verified by O-Admin).</li>
1175 organizationName is the fixed name of the Organisation.</li>
1179 stateOrProvinceName</li>
1182 <li><tt>contact=</tt>
1183 EMail Address of Contact.
1184 <!-- not included in RFC5280 4.1.2.4 list, but list is not restricted -->
1189 Except for the OU and CN, fields are taken from the Member's
1190 account and are as verified by the Organisation Assurance process.
1191 Other Subscriber information that is collected and/or retained
1192 does not go into the certificate.
1195 <h4><a name="p3.1.2" id="p3.1.2">3.1.2. Need for names to be meaningful</a></h4>
1198 Each Member's Name (<tt>CN=</tt> field)
1199 is assured under the Assurance Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>)
1200 or subsidiary policies (such as Organisation Assurance Policy).
1201 Refer to those documents for meanings and variations.
1205 Anonymous certificates have the same <code>subject</code>
1207 See <a href="#p1.4.5">§1.4.5.</a>.
1211 Email addresses are verified according to
1212 <a href="#p4.2.2">§4.2.2.</a>
1215 <!-- <center><a href="http://xkcd.com/327/"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/exploits_of_a_mom.png"> </a> </center> -->
1217 <h4><a name="p3.1.3" id="p3.1.3">3.1.3. Anonymity or pseudonymity of subscribers</a></h4>
1220 See <a href="#p1.4.5">§1.4.5</a>.
1223 <h4><a name="p3.1.4" id="p3.1.4">3.1.4. Rules for interpreting various name forms</a></h4>
1225 Interpretation of Names is controlled by the Assurance Policy,
1226 is administered by means of the Member's account,
1227 and is subject to change by the Arbitrator.
1228 Changes to the interpretation by means of Arbitration
1229 should be expected as fraud (e.g., phishing)
1230 may move too quickly for policies to fully document rules.
1233 <h4><a name="p3.1.5" id="p3.1.5">3.1.5. Uniqueness of names</a></h4>
1236 Uniqueness of Names within certificates is not guaranteed.
1237 Each certificate has a unique serial number which maps
1238 to a unique account, and thus maps to a unique Member.
1239 See the Assurance Statement within Assurance Policy
1240 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
1244 Domain names and email address
1245 can only be registered to one Member.
1248 <h4><a name="p3.1.6" id="p3.1.6">3.1.6. Recognition, authentication, and role of trademarks</a></h4>
1251 Organisation Assurance Policy
1252 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/OrganisationAssurancePolicy.html">COD11</a>)
1253 controls issues such as trademarks where applicable.
1254 A trademark can be disputed by filing a dispute.
1256 <a href="#adr">§9.13</a>.
1259 <h4><a name="p3.1.7" id="p3.1.7">3.1.7. International Domain Names</a></h4>
1262 Certificates containing International Domain Names, being those containing a
1263 ACE prefix (<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3490#section-5">RFC3490
1264 Section 5</a>), will only be issued to domains satisfying one or more
1265 of the following conditions:
1268 <li>The Top Level Domain (TLD) Registrar associated with the domain has a policy
1269 that has taken measures to prevent two homographic domains being registered to
1270 different entities down to an accepted level.
1272 <li>Domains contain only code points from a single unicode character script,
1273 excluding the "Common" script, with the additionally allowed numberic
1274 characters [0-9], and an ACSII hyphen '-'.
1279 <p>Email address containing International Domain Names in the domain portion of
1280 the email address will also be required to satisfy one of the above conditions.
1284 The following is a list of accepted TLD Registrars:</p>
1289 <td><a href="http://www.nic.ac/">Registry</a></td>
1290 <td><a href="http://www.nic.ac/pdf/AC-IDN-Policy.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1295 <td><a href="http://www.nic.ar/">Registry</a></td>
1296 <td><a href="http://www.nic.ar/616.html">Policy</a></td>
1300 <td><a href="http://www.nic.at/">Registry</a></td>
1301 <td><a href="http://www.nic.at/en/service/legal_information/registration_guidelines/">Policy</a> (<a href="http://www.nic.at/en/service/technical_information/idn/charset_converter/">character list</a>)</td>
1306 <td><a href="http://www.neustarregistry.biz/">Registry</a></td>
1307 <td><a href="http://www.neustarregistry.biz/products/idns">Policy</a></td>
1312 <td><a href="http://registro.br/">Registry</a></td>
1313 <td><a href="http://registro.br/faq/faq6.html">Policy</a></td>
1317 <td><a href="http://www.domini.cat/">Registry</a></td>
1319 <td><a href="http://www.domini.cat/normativa/en_normativa_registre.html">Policy</a></td>
1323 <td><a href="http://www.switch.ch/id/">Registry</a></td>
1324 <td><a href="http://www.switch.ch/id/terms/agb.html#anhang1">Policy</a></td>
1329 <td><a href="http://www.nic.cl/">Registry</a></td>
1330 <td><a href="http://www.nic.cl/CL-IDN-policy.html">Policy</a></td>
1335 <td><a href="http://www.cnnic.net.cn/">Registry</a></td>
1336 <td><a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3743.html">Policy</a> (JET Guidelines)</td>
1340 <td><a href="http://www.denic.de/">Registry</a></td>
1342 <td><a href="http://www.denic.de/en/richtlinien.html">Policy</a></td>
1346 <td><a href="http://www.dk-hostmaster.dk/">Registry</a></td>
1347 <td><a href="http://www.dk-hostmaster.dk/index.php?id=151">Policy</a></td>
1352 <td><a href="https://www.nic.es/">Registry</a></td>
1353 <td><a href="https://www.nic.es/media/2008-12/1228818323935.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1358 <td><a href="http://www.ficora.fi/">Registry</a></td>
1359 <td><a href="http://www.ficora.fi/en/index/palvelut/fiverkkotunnukset/aakkostenkaytto.html">Policy</a></td>
1363 <td><a href="https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/english/index.html">Registry</a></td>
1364 <td><a href="https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/english/ENCharacterTable1.jsp">Policy</a></td>
1369 <td><a href="http://www.domain.hu/domain/">Registry</a></td>
1370 <td><a href="http://www.domain.hu/domain/English/szabalyzat.html">Policy</a> (section 2.1.2)</td>
1375 <td><a href="http://www.afilias.info/">Registry</a></td>
1376 <td><a href="http://www.afilias.info/register/idn/">Policy</a></td>
1381 <td><a href="http://www.nic.io">Registry</a></td>
1382 <td><a href="http://www.nic.io/IO-IDN-Policy.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1386 <td><a href="https://www.nic.ir/">Registry</a></td>
1387 <td><a href="https://www.nic.ir/IDN">Policy</a></td>
1392 <td><a href="http://www.isnic.is/">Registry</a></td>
1393 <td><a href="http://www.isnic.is/english/domain/rules.php">Policy</a></td>
1398 <td><a href="http://jprs.co.jp/">Registry</a></td>
1399 <td><a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/idn/jp-japanese.html">Policy</a></td>
1403 <td><a href="http://domain.nic.or.kr/">Registry</a></td>
1405 <td><a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3743.html">Policy</a> (JET Guidelines)</td>
1409 <td><a href="http://www.switch.ch/id/">Registry</a></td>
1410 <td><a href="http://www.switch.ch/id/terms/agb.html#anhang1">Policy</a> (managed by .ch registry)</td>
1415 <td><a href="http://www.domreg.lt/public?pg=&sp=&loc=en">Registry</a></td>
1416 <td><a href="http://www.domreg.lt/public?pg=8A7FB6&sp=idn&loc=en">Policy</a> (<a href="http://www.domreg.lt/static/doc/public/idn_symbols-en.pdf">character list</a>)</td>
1421 <td><a href="http://about.museum/">Registry</a></td>
1422 <td><a href="http://about.museum/idn/idnpolicy.html">Policy</a></td>
1427 <td><a href="http://www.norid.no/">Registry</a></td>
1428 <td><a href="http://www.norid.no/domeneregistrering/veiviser.en.html">Policy</a> (section 4)</td>
1433 <td><a href="http://www.pir.org/">Registry</a></td>
1434 <td><a href="http://pir.org/PDFs/ORG-Extended-Characters-22-Jan-07.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1438 <td><a href="http://www.nask.pl/">Registry</a></td>
1439 <td><a href="http://www.dns.pl/IDN/idn-registration-policy.txt">Policy</a></td>
1444 <td><a href="https://www.nic.pr/">Registry</a></td>
1445 <td><a href="https://www.nic.pr/idn_rules.asp">Policy</a></td>
1450 <td><a href="http://www.nic-se.se/">Registry</a></td>
1451 <td><a href="http://www.iis.se/en/domaner/internationaliserad-doman-idn/">Policy</a> (<a href="http://www.iis.se/docs/teckentabell-03.pdf">character list</a>)</td>
1456 <td><a href="http://www.nic.sh">Registry</a></td>
1457 <td><a href="http://www.nic.sh/SH-IDN-Policy.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1461 <td><a href="http://www.thnic.or.th/">Registry</a></td>
1463 <td><a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/idn/th-thai.html">Policy</a></td>
1467 <td><a href="http://www.nic.tm">Registry</a></td>
1468 <td><a href="http://www.nic.tm/TM-IDN-Policy.pdf">Policy</a></td>
1473 <td><a href="http://www.twnic.net.tw/">Registry</a></td>
1474 <td><a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3743.html">Policy</a> (JET Guidelines)</td>
1479 <td><a href="http://www.vnnic.net.vn/">Registry</a></td>
1480 <td><a href="http://www.vnnic.vn/english/5-6-300-2-2-04-20071115.htm">Policy</a> (<a href="http://vietunicode.sourceforge.net/tcvn6909.pdf">character list</a>)</td>
1486 This criteria will apply to the email address and server host name fields for all certificate types.
1490 The CAcert Inc. Board has the authority to decide to add or remove accepted TLD Registrars on this list.
1493 <h3><a name="p3.2" id="p3.2">3.2. Initial Identity Verification</a></h3>
1496 Identity verification is controlled by the
1497 <a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/AssurancePolicy.html">
1498 Assurance Policy</a> (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
1499 The reader is refered to the Assurance Policy,
1500 the following is representative and brief only.
1504 <h4><a name="p3.2.1" id="p3.2.1">3.2.1. Method to prove possession of private key</a></h4>
1507 CAcert uses industry-standard techniques to
1508 prove the possession of the private key.
1512 For X.509 server certificates,
1513 the stale digital signature of the CSR is verified.
1514 For X.509 client certificates for "Netscape" browsers,
1515 SPKAC uses a challenge-response protocol
1516 to check the private key dynamically.
1517 For X.509 client certificates for "explorer" browsers,
1518 ActiveX uses a challenge-response protocol
1519 to check the private key dynamically.
1522 <h4><a name="p3.2.2" id="p3.2.2">3.2.2. Authentication of Individual Identity</a></h4>
1526 An Internet user becomes a Member by agreeing to the
1527 CAcert Community Agreement
1528 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>)
1529 and registering an account on the online website.
1530 During the registration process Members are asked to
1531 supply information about themselves:
1534 <li>A valid working email.
1536 <li>Full Name and Date of Birth such as is
1537 found on Identity documents.
1539 <li>Personal Questions used only for Password Retrieval.</li>
1543 The online account establishes the method of authentication
1544 for all service requests such as certificates.
1549 Each Member is assured according to Assurance Policy
1550 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
1553 <!-- <center><a href="http://xkcd.com/364/"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/responsible_behavior.png"> </a> </center> -->
1558 <b>Certificates.</b>
1559 Based on the total number of Assurance Points
1560 that a Member (Name) has, the Member
1561 can get different levels of certificates.
1562 See <a href="#p1.4.5">§1.4.5</a>.
1564 When Members have 50 or more points, they
1565 become <i>Assured Members</i> and may then request
1566 certificates that state their Assured Name(s).
1573 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
1575 <th>Assurance Points</th>
1582 <td>Unassured Member</td>
1584 <td>Certificates with no Name, under Class 1 Root. Limited to 6 months expiry.</td>
1588 <td>Unassured Member</td>
1590 <td>Certificates with no Name under Member SubRoot. Limited to 6 months expiry.</td>
1593 <td rowspan="1">50-99</td>
1594 <td>Assured Member</td>
1596 <td>Certificates with Verified Name for S/MIME, web servers, "digital signing."
1597 Expiry after 24 months is available.</td>
1600 <td rowspan="2">100++</td>
1601 <td rowspan="2">Assurer</td>
1602 <td>Code-signing</td>
1603 <td>Can create Code-signing certificates </td>
1607 <span class="figure">Table 3.2.b - How Assurance Points are used in Certificates</span>
1614 <h4><a name="p3.2.3" id="p3.2.3">3.2.3. Authentication of organization identity</a></h4>
1618 Verification of organisations is delegated by
1619 the Assurance Policy to the
1620 Organisation Assurance Policy
1621 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/OrganisationAssurancePolicy.html">COD11</a>).
1622 The reader is refered to the Organisation Assurance Policy,
1623 the following is representative and brief only.
1627 Organisations present special challenges.
1628 The Assurance process for Organisations is
1629 intended to permit the organisational Name to
1630 appear in certificates.
1631 The process relies heavily on the Individual
1632 process described above.
1636 Organisation Assurance achieves the standard
1637 stated in the OAP, briefly presented here:
1641 the organisation exists,
1643 the organisation name is correct and consistent,
1645 signing rights: requestor can sign on behalf of the organisation, and
1647 the organisation has agreed to the terms of the
1648 CAcert Community Agreement
1649 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>),
1650 and is therefore subject to Arbitration.
1654 <li> As of the current time of writing, OA lacks critical documentation and there are bugs identified with no response.</li>
1655 <li> <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/OrganisationAssurance">documented bugs</a>. </li>
1656 <li> Therefore Organisations will not participate in the current audit cycle of roots. </li>
1657 <li> See <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/OrganisationAssurance">wiki</a> for any progress on this. </li>
1661 <h4><a name="p3.2.4" id="p3.2.4">3.2.4. Non-verified subscriber information</a></h4>
1664 All information in the certificate is verified,
1665 see Relying Party Statement, §4.5.2.
1669 <h4><a name="p3.2.5" id="p3.2.5">3.2.5. Validation of authority</a></h4>
1672 The authorisation to obtain a certificate is established as follows:
1677 The member claims authority over a domain or email address
1678 when adding the address, <a href="#p4.1.2">§4.1.2</a>.
1679 (Control is tested by means described in <a href="#p4.2.2">§4.2.2</a>.)
1684 The authority to participate as a Member is established
1685 by the CAcert Community Agreement
1686 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>).
1687 Assurances are requested by means of the signed CAP form.
1691 <b>Organisations.</b>
1692 The authority for Organisation Assurance is established
1693 in the COAP form, as signed by an authorised representative
1694 of the organisation.
1695 The authority for the
1696 Organisation Administrator
1697 (O-Admin) is also established on the
1699 See Organisation Assurance Policy.
1703 <h4><a name="p3.2.6" id="p3.2.6">3.2.6. Criteria for interoperation</a></h4>
1706 CAcert does not currently issue certificates to subordinate CAs
1708 Other CAs may become Members, and are then subject to the
1709 same reliance provisions as all Members.
1712 <h3><a name="p3.3" id="p3.3">3.3. Re-key Requests</a></h3>
1715 Via the Member's account.
1718 <h3><a name="p3.4" id="p3.4">3.4. Revocations Requests</a></h3>
1721 Via the Member's account.
1722 In the event that the Member has lost the password,
1723 or similar, the Member emails the support team who
1724 either work through the lost-password questions
1725 process or file a dispute.
1730 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
1731 <h2><a name="p4" id="p4">4. CERTIFICATE LIFE-CYCLE OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS</a></h2>
1734 The general life-cycle for a new certificate for an Individual Member is:
1737 Member adds claim to an address (domain/email).
1739 System probes address for control.
1741 Member creates key pair.
1743 Member submits CSR with desired options (Anonymous Certificate, SSO, Root Certificate) .
1745 System validates and accepts CSR based on
1746 known information: claims, assurance, controls, technicalities.
1748 System signs certificate.
1750 System makes signed certificate available to Member.
1752 Member accepts certificate.
1758 (Some steps are not applicable, such as anonymous certificates.)
1762 <h3><a name="p4.1" id="p4.1">4.1. Certificate Application</a></h3>
1764 <h4><a name="p4.1.1" id="p4.1.1">4.1.1. Who can submit a certificate application</a></h4>
1767 Members may submit certificate applications.
1768 On issuance of certificates, Members become Subscribers.
1771 <h4><a name="p4.1.2" id="p4.1.2">4.1.2. Adding Addresses</a></h4>
1774 The Member can claim ownership or authorised control of
1775 a domain or email address on the online system.
1776 This is a necessary step towards issuing a certificate.
1777 There are these controls:
1780 The claim of ownership or control is legally significant
1781 and may be referred to dispute resolution.
1783 Each unique address can be handled by one account only.
1785 When the Member makes the claim,
1786 the certificate application system automatically initiates the
1787 check of control, as below.
1791 <h4><a name="p4.1.3" id="p4.1.3">4.1.3. Preparing CSR </a></h4>
1794 Members generate their own key-pairs.
1795 The CAcert Community Agreement
1796 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>)
1797 obliges the Member as responsible for security.
1798 See CCA2.5, §9.6.
1802 The Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is prepared by the
1803 Member for presentation to the automated system.
1806 <h3><a name="p4.2" id="p4.2">4.2. Certificate application processing</a></h3>
1808 <!-- states what a CA does on receipt of the request -->
1811 The CA's certificate application process is completely automated.
1812 Requests, approvals and rejections are handled by the website system.
1813 Each application should be processed in less than a minute.
1816 Where certificates are requested for more than one
1817 purpose, the requirements for each purpose must be
1821 <!-- all sub headings in 4.2 are local, not from Chokhani. -->
1823 <h4><a name="p4.2.1" id="p4.2.1">4.2.1. Authentication </a></h4>
1826 The Member logs in to her account on the CAcert website
1827 and thereby authenticates herself with username
1828 and passphrase or with her CAcert client-side digital certificate.
1831 <h4><a name="p4.2.2" id="p4.2.2">4.2.2. Verifying Control</a></h4>
1834 In principle, at least two controls are placed on each address.
1838 <b><a name="ping">Email-Ping</a>.</b>
1839 Email addresses are verified by means of an
1840 <i><a name="ping">Email-Ping test</a></i>:
1844 The system generates a cookie
1845 (a random, hard-to-guess code)
1846 and formats it as a string.
1848 The system sends the cookie
1849 to the Member in an email.
1851 Once the Member receives the email,
1852 she enters the cookie into the website.
1854 The entry of the code verifies
1855 control of that email account.
1859 <b><a name="email">Email Control</a>.</b>
1860 Email addresses for client certificates are verified by passing the
1864 <li>An Email-ping test
1865 is done on the email address.
1867 <li>The Member must have signed a CAP form or equivalent,
1868 and been awarded at least one Assurance point.
1873 <b><a name="domain">Domain Control</a>.</b>
1874 Domains addresses for server certificates are verified by passing two of the
1879 is done on an email address chosen from <i>whois</i>
1880 or interpolated from the domain name.
1882 The system generates a cookie
1883 which is then placed in DNS
1886 The system generates a cookie
1887 which is then placed in HTTP headers or a text file on the website
1890 Statement by at least 2 Assurers about
1891 ownership/control of the domain name.
1893 The system generates a cookie
1894 which is then placed in whois registry information
1901 Other methods can be added from time to time by CAcert.
1903 Static cookies should remain for the duration of a certificate
1904 for occasional re-testing.
1906 Dynamic tests can be repeated at a later time of CAcert's choosing.
1908 Domain control checks may be extended to apply to email control
1914 <li> As of the time of writing, only a singular Email-ping is implemented in the technical system. </li>
1915 <li> A further approved check is the 1 pt Assurance. </li>
1916 <li> Practically, this would mean that certificates can only be issued under Audit Roots to Members with 1 point. </li>
1917 <li> Criteria DRC C.7.f, A.2.q, A.2.i indicate registry whois reading. Also A.2.h. </li>
1918 <li> Current view is that this will be resolved in BirdShack. </li>
1921 <h4><a name="p4.2.3" id="p4.2.3">4.2.3. Options Available</a></h4>
1924 The Member has options available:
1928 <li>Each Email address that is verified
1929 is available for Client Certificates.
1931 <li>Each Domain address that is verified
1932 is available for Server Certificates.
1934 <li>If the Member is unassured then only the Member SubRoot is available.
1936 <li>If the Member is Assured then both Assured Member and Member SubRoots
1939 <li>If a Name is Assured then it may be
1940 put in a client certificate or an OpenPGP signature.
1944 <h4><a name="p4.2.4" id="p4.2.4">4.2.4. Client Certificate Procedures</a></h4>
1947 For an individual client certificate, the following is required.</p>
1949 <li>The email address is claimed and added. </li>
1950 <li>The email address is ping-tested. </li>
1951 <li>For the Member Subroot, the Member must have
1952 at least one point of Assurance and have signed a CAP form.</li>
1953 <li>For the Assured Subroot, the Member must have
1954 at least fifty points of Assurance. </li>
1955 <li>To include a Name, the Name must be assured to at least fifty points. </li>
1960 <h4><a name="p4.2.5" id="p4.2.5">4.2.5. Server Certificate Procedures</a></h4>
1963 For a server certificate, the following is required:</p>
1965 <li>The domain is claimed and added. </li>
1966 <li>The domain is checked twice as above. </li>
1967 <li>For the Member SubRoot, the Member must have
1968 at least one point of Assurance and have signed a CAP form.</li>
1969 <li>For the Assured SubRoot, the Member must have
1970 at least fifty points of Assurance. </li>
1975 <h4><a name="p4.2.6" id="p4.2.6">4.2.6. Code-signing Certificate Procedures</a></h4>
1978 Code-signing certificates are made available to Assurers only.
1979 They are processed in a similar manner to client certificates.
1982 <h4><a name="p4.2.7" id="p4.2.7">4.2.7. Organisation Domain Verification</a></h4>
1985 Organisation Domains are handled under the Organisation Assurance Policy
1986 and the Organisation Handbook.
1990 <li> As of time of writing, there is no Handbook for Organisation Assurers or for the Organisation, and the policy needs rework; so (audit) roots will not have OA certs .... </li>
1991 <li> <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/PolicyDrafts/OrganisationAssurance"> Drafts </a> for ongoing story. </li>
1994 <h3><a name="p4.3" id="p4.3">4.3. Certificate issuance</a></h3>
1997 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/153/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/cryptography.png"> </a> -->
1998 <h4><a name="p4.3.1" id="p4.3.1">4.3.1. CA actions during certificate issuance</a></h4>
2002 Members may request keys of any size permitted by the key algorithm.
2003 Many older hardware devices require small keys.
2008 CAcert currently only supports the RSA algorithm for X.509 keys.
2009 X.509 signing uses the SHA-1 message digest algorithm.
2010 OpenPGP Signing uses RSA signing over RSA and DSA keys.
2015 <b>Process for Certificates:</b>
2016 All details in each certificate are verified
2017 by the website issuance system.
2018 Issuance is based on a 'template' system that selects
2019 profiles for certificate lifetime, size, algorithm.
2024 The CSR is verified.
2026 Data is extracted from CSR and verified:
2028 <li> Name §3.1, </li>
2029 <li> Email address <a href="#p4.2.2">§4.2.2</a>, </li>
2030 <li> Domain address <a href="#p4.2.2">§4.2.2</a>. </li>
2033 Certificate is generated from template.
2035 Data is copied from CSR.
2037 Certificate is signed.
2039 Certificate is stored as well as mailed.
2044 <b>Process for OpenPGP key signatures:</b>
2045 All details in each Sub-ID are verified
2046 by the website issuance system.
2047 Issuance is based on the configuration that selects
2048 the profile for signature lifetime, size,
2049 algorithm following the process:
2053 The public key is verified.
2055 Data is extracted from the key and verified (Name, Emails).
2056 Only the combinations of data in Table 4.3.1 are permitted.
2058 OpenPGP Key Signature is generated.
2060 Key Signature is applied to the key.
2062 The signed key is stored as well as mailed.
2066 <table border="1" align="center" valign="top" cellpadding="5"><tbody>
2069 <td>Verified Name</td>
2070 <td valign="top">Unverified Name<br></td>
2071 <td>Empty Name<br></td>
2074 <td>Verified email<br></td>
2075 <td><center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center></td>
2076 <td valign="top"><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td>
2077 <td><center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center></td>
2080 <td>Unverified email</td>
2081 <td><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td>
2082 <td valign="top"><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td>
2083 <td><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td></tr><tr><td valign="top">Empty email<br></td>
2084 <td valign="top"><center> <font title="pass." color="green" size="+3"> ✔ </font> </center></td>
2085 <td valign="top"><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td>
2086 <td valign="top"><center> <font title="pass." color="red" size="+3"> ✘ </font> </center></td>
2088 </tbody></table><br>
2090 <span class="figure">Table 4.3.1. Permitted Data in Signed OpenPgp Keys</span>
2093 <h4><a name="p4.3.2" id="p4.3.2">4.3.2. Notification to subscriber by the CA of issuance of certificate</a></h4>
2096 Once signed, the certificate is
2097 made available via the Member's account,
2098 and emailed to the Member.
2099 It is also archived internally.
2102 <h3><a name="p4.4" id="p4.4">4.4. Certificate acceptance</a></h3>
2104 <h4><a name="p4.4.1" id="p4.4.1">4.4.1. Conduct constituting certificate acceptance</a></h4>
2107 There is no need for the Member to explicitly accept the certificate.
2108 In case the Member does not accept the certificate,
2109 the certificate has to be revoked and made again.
2112 <h4><a name="p4.4.2" id="p4.4.2">4.4.2. Publication of the certificate by the CA</a></h4>
2115 CAcert does not currently publish the issued certificates
2117 In the event that CAcert will run a repository,
2118 the publication of certificates and signatures
2119 there will be at the Member's options.
2120 However note that certificates that are issued
2121 and delivered to the Member are presumed to be
2122 published. See §2.2.
2125 <h4><a name="p4.4.3" id="p4.4.3">4.4.3. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities</a></h4>
2128 There are no external entities that are notified about issued certificates.
2131 <h3><a name="p4.5" id="p4.5">4.5. Key pair and certificate usage</a></h3>
2134 All Members (subscribers and relying parties)
2135 are obliged according to the
2136 CAcert Community Agreement
2137 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>)
2138 See especially 2.3 through 2.5.
2140 <h4><a name="p4.5.1" id="p4.5.1">4.5.1. Subscriber Usage and Responsibilities</a></h4>
2143 Subscribers should use keys only for their proper purpose,
2144 as indicated by the certificate, or by wider agreement with
2148 <h4><a name="p4.5.2" id="p4.5.2">4.5.2. Relying Party Usage and Responsibilities</a></h4>
2152 Relying parties (Members) may rely on the following.
2156 <table border="1" cellpadding="25"><tr><td>
2158 <big><b>Relying Party Statement</b></big>
2160 Certificates are issued to Members only.<br><br>
2161 All information in a certificate is verified.
2168 The following notes are in addition to the Relying Party Statement,
2169 and can be seen as limitations on it.
2172 <h5>4.5.2.a Methods of Verification </h5>
2174 The term Verification as used in the Relying Party Statement means one of
2176 <table border="1" cellpadding="5"><tr>
2177 <th>Type</th><th>How</th><th>Authority</th><th>remarks</th>
2179 <th>Assurance</th><td>under CAcert Assurance Programme (CAP)</td>
2180 <td>Assurance Policy</td>
2181 <td>only information assured to 50 points under CAP is placed in the certificate </td>
2183 <th>Evaluation</th><td>under automated domain and email checks </td>
2185 <td>see §4.2.2</td>
2187 <th>Controlled</th><td>programs or "profiles" that check the information within the CSR </td>
2189 <td>see §7.1</td>
2192 <h5>4.5.2.b Who may rely</h5>
2194 <b>Members may rely.</b>
2195 Relying parties are Members,
2196 and as such are bound by this CPS and the
2197 CAcert Community Agreement
2198 (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/CAcertCommunityAgreement.html">COD9</a>).
2199 The licence and permission to rely is not assignable.
2203 <b>Suppliers of Software.</b>
2204 CAcert roots may be distributed in software,
2205 and those providers may
2206 enter into agreement with CAcert by means of the
2207 Third Party Vendor - Disclaimer and Licence
2209 This licence brings the supplier in to the Community
2210 to the extent that <span class="q"> ...WIP comment:</span>
2211 they agree to dispute resolution
2212 within CAcert's forum.
2216 <li> Just exactly what the 3PV-DaL says is unclear.</li>
2217 <li> The document itself is more a collection of ideas.</li>
2222 <b>NRPs may not rely.</b>
2223 If not related to CAcert by means of an agreement
2224 that binds the parties to dispute resolution within CAcert's forum,
2225 a person is a Non-Related-Person (NRP).
2226 An NRP is not permitted to rely and is not a Relying Party.
2227 For more details, see the
2228 NRP - Disclaimer and Licence (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/NRPDisclaimerAndLicence.html">COD4</a>).
2231 <h5>4.5.2.c The Act of Reliance </h5>
2234 <b>Decision making.</b>
2235 Reliance means taking a decision that is in part or in whole
2236 based on the information in the certificate.
2238 A Relying Party may incorporate
2239 the information in the certificate,
2240 and the implied information such as Membership,
2241 into her decision-making.
2242 In making a decision,
2243 a Relying Party should also:
2247 include her own overall risk equation,
2249 include the general limitations of the Assurance process,
2250 certificates, and wider security considerations,
2252 make additional checks to provide more information,
2254 consider any wider agreement with the other Member, and
2256 use an appropriate protocol or custom of reliance (below).
2260 <b>Examining the Certificate.</b>
2261 A Relying Party must make her own decision in using
2262 each certificate. She must examine the certificate,
2263 a process called <i>validation</i>.
2264 Certificate-related information includes,
2265 but is not limited to:
2270 expiry time of certificate,
2272 current certificate revocation list (CRL),
2274 certificate chain and
2275 the validity check of the certificates in the chain,
2277 issuer of certificate (CAcert),
2279 SubRoot is intended for reliance (Assured, Organisation and Class 3)
2281 purpose of certificate.
2285 <b>Keeping Records.</b>
2286 Records should be kept, appropriate to the import of the decision.
2287 The certificate should be preserved.
2288 This should include sufficient
2289 evidence to establish who the parties are
2290 (especially, the certificate relied upon),
2291 to establish the transaction in question,
2292 and to establish the wider agreement that
2297 <b>Wider Protocol.</b>
2298 In principle, reliance will be part of a wider protocol
2299 (customary method in reaching and preserving agreement)
2300 that presents and preserves sufficient of the evidence
2301 for dispute resolution under CAcert's forum of Arbitration.
2302 The protocol should be agreed amongst the parties,
2303 and tuned to the needs.
2304 This CPS does not define any such protocol.
2305 In the absence of such a protocol, reliance will be weakened;
2306 a dispute without sufficient evidence may be dismissed by an Arbitrator.
2310 <b>As Compared to Usage</b>.
2311 Reliance goes beyond Usage. The latter is limited to
2312 letting the software act as the total and only Validation
2313 Authority. When relying, the Member also augments
2314 the algorithmic processing of the software with her own
2315 checks of the business, technical and certificate aspect.
2318 <h5>4.5.2.d Risks and Limitations of Reliance </h5>
2320 <b>Roots and Naming.</b>
2321 Where the Class 1 root is used,
2322 this Subscriber may be a new Member
2323 including one with zero points.
2324 Where the Name is not provided,
2325 this indicates it is not available.
2326 In these circumstances,
2327 reliance is not defined,
2328 and Relying parties should take more care.
2333 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
2336 <td colspan="4"><center><i>Statements of Reliance for Members</i></center></td>
2339 <td><i>Class of Root</i></td>
2340 <td><center><b>Anonymous</b><br>(all Members)</center></td>
2341 <td><center><b>Named</b><br>(Assured Members only)</center></td>
2344 <td><center>Class<br><big><b>1</b></big></center></td>
2345 <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="red">
2346 <b>Do not rely.</b><BR>
2347 Relying party must use other methods to check. </td>
2348 <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="orange">
2350 Although the named Member has been Assured by CAcert,
2351 reliance is not defined with Class 1 root.<BR>
2352 (issued for compatibility only).</td>
2355 <td><center><big><b>Member</b></big><br>SubRoot</center></td>
2358 <td><center>Class<br><big><b>3</b></big></center></td>
2359 <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="orange">
2360 Do not rely on the Name (being available).
2361 The Member has been Assured by CAcert,
2362 but reliance is undefined.</td>
2364 The Member named in the certificate has been Assured by CAcert.</td>
2367 <td><center><big><b>Assured</b></big><br>SubRoot</center></td>
2371 <span class="figure">Table 4.5.2. Statements of Reliance</span>
2375 <b>Software Agent.</b>
2376 When relying on a certificate, relying parties should
2377 note that your software is responsible for the way it
2378 shows you the information in a certificate.
2379 If your software agent hides parts of the information,
2380 your sole remedy may be to choose another software agent.
2385 When relying on a certificate, relying parties should
2386 note that platforms that are vulnerable to viruses or
2387 trojans or other weaknesses may not process any certificates
2388 properly and may give deceptive or fraudulent results.
2389 It is your responsibility to ensure you are using a platform
2390 that is secured according to the needs of the application.
2393 <h5>4.5.2.e When something goes wrong </h5>
2395 In the event that an issue arises out of the Member's reliance,
2396 her sole avenue is <b>to file dispute under DRP</b>.
2397 See <a href="#p9.13">§9.13</a>.
2398 <!-- DRC_A§A.4.d -->
2399 For this purpose, the certificate (and other evidence) should be preserved.
2403 <b>Which person?</b>
2404 Members may install certificates for other individuals or in servers,
2405 but the Member to whom the certificate is issued
2406 remains the responsible person.
2407 E.g., under Organisation Assurance, an organisation is issued
2408 a certificate for the use by individuals
2409 or servers within that organisation,
2410 but the Organisation is the responsible person.
2413 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/424/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/security_holes.png"> </a> -->
2415 <b>Software Agent.</b>
2416 If a Member is relying on a CAcert root embedded in
2417 the software as supplied by a vendor,
2418 the risks, liabilities and obligations of the Member
2419 do not automatically transfer to the vendor.
2422 <h3><a name="p4.6" id="p4.6">4.6. Certificate renewal</a></h3>
2425 A certificate can be renewed at any time.
2426 The procedure of certificate renewal is the same
2427 as for the initial certificate issuance.
2430 <h3><a name="p4.7" id="p4.7">4.7. Certificate re-key</a></h3>
2433 Certificate "re-keyings" are not offered nor supported.
2434 A new certificate with a new key has to be requested and issued instead,
2435 and the old one revoked.
2438 <h3><a name="p4.8" id="p4.8">4.8. Certificate modification</a></h3>
2441 Certificate "modifications" are not offered nor supported.
2442 A new certificate has to be requested and issued instead.
2445 <h3><a name="p4.9" id="p4.9">4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension</a></h3>
2447 <h4><a name="p4.9.1" id="p4.9.1">4.9.1. Circumstances for revocation</a></h4>
2449 Certificates may be revoked under the following circumstances:
2453 As initiated by the Subscriber through her online account.
2455 As initiated in an emergency action by a
2456 support team member.
2457 Such action will immediately be referred to dispute resolution
2460 Under direction from the Arbitrator in a duly ordered ruling
2461 from a filed dispute.
2465 These are the only three circumstances under which a
2469 <h4><a name="p4.9.2" id="p4.9.2">4.9.2. Who can request revocation</a></h4>
2475 <h4><a name="p4.9.3" id="p4.9.3">4.9.3. Procedure for revocation request</a></h4>
2477 The Subscriber logs in to her online account through
2478 the website at http://www.cacert.org/ .
2482 In any other event such as lost passwords or fraud,
2483 a dispute should be filed
2485 < support AT cacert DOT org >
2488 <h4><a name="p4.9.4" id="p4.9.4">4.9.4. Revocation request grace period</a></h4>
2490 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2492 <h4><a name="p4.9.5" id="p4.9.5">4.9.5. Time within which CA must process the revocation request</a></h4>
2495 The revocation automated in the Web Interface for subscribers,
2496 and is handled generally in less than a minute.
2500 A filed dispute that requests a revocation should be handled
2501 within a five business days, however the Arbitrator has discretion.
2504 <h4><a name="p4.9.6" id="p4.9.6">4.9.6. Revocation checking requirement for relying parties</a></h4>
2507 Each revoked certificate is recorded in the
2508 certificate revocation list (CRL).
2509 Relying Parties must check a certificate against
2510 the most recent CRL issued, in order to validate
2511 the certificate for the intended reliance.
2514 <h4><a name="p4.9.7" id="p4.9.7">4.9.7. CRL issuance frequency (if applicable)</a></h4>
2517 A new CRL is issued after every certificate revocation.
2520 <h4><a name="p4.9.8" id="p4.9.8">4.9.8. Maximum latency for CRLs (if applicable)</a></h4>
2523 The maximum latency between revocation and issuance of the CRL is 1 hour.
2526 <h4><a name="p4.9.9" id="p4.9.9">4.9.9. On-line revocation/status checking availability</a></h4>
2529 OCSP is available at
2530 http://ocsp.cacert.org/ .
2533 <h4><a name="p4.9.10" id="p4.9.10">4.9.10. On-line revocation checking requirements</a></h4>
2535 Relying parties must check up-to-date status before relying.
2538 <h4><a name="p4.9.11" id="p4.9.11">4.9.11. Other forms of revocation advertisements available</a></h4>
2543 <h4><a name="p4.9.12" id="p4.9.12">4.9.12. Special requirements re key compromise</a></h4>
2545 Subscribers are obliged to revoke certificates at the earliest opportunity.
2548 <h4><a name="p4.9.13" id="p4.9.13">4.9.13. Circumstances for suspension</a></h4>
2551 Suspension of certificates is not available.
2554 <h4><a name="p4.9.14" id="p4.9.14">4.9.14. Who can request suspension</a></h4>
2559 <h4><a name="p4.9.15" id="p4.9.15">4.9.15. Procedure for suspension request</a></h4>
2564 <h4><a name="p4.9.16" id="p4.9.16">4.9.16. Limits on suspension period</a></h4>
2571 <h3><a name="p4.10" id="p4.10">4.10. Certificate status services</a></h3>
2573 <h4><a name="p4.10.1" id="p4.10.1">4.10.1. Operational characteristics</a></h4>
2576 at http://ocsp.cacert.org/ .
2579 <h4><a name="p4.10.2" id="p4.10.2">4.10.2. Service availability</a></h4>
2582 OCSP is made available on an experimental basis.
2585 <h4><a name="p4.10.3" id="p4.10.3">4.10.3. Optional features</a></h4>
2591 <h3><a name="p4.11" id="p4.11">4.11. End of subscription</a></h3>
2594 Certificates include expiry dates.
2597 <h3><a name="p4.12" id="p4.12">4.12. Key escrow and recovery</a></h3>
2599 <h4><a name="p4.12.1" id="p4.12.1">4.12.1. Key escrow and recovery policy and practices</a></h4>
2602 CAcert does not generate nor escrow subscriber keys.
2605 <h4><a name="p4.12.2" id="p4.12.2">4.12.2. Session key encapsulation and recovery policy and practices</a></h4>
2613 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
2614 <h2><a name="p5" id="p5">5. FACILITY, MANAGEMENT, AND OPERATIONAL CONTROLS</a></h2>
2616 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/87/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/velociraptors.jpg"> </a> -->
2618 <h3><a name="p5.1" id="p5.1">5.1. Physical controls</a></h3>
2621 Refer to Security Policy (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)</p>
2623 Site location and construction - SP2.1
2625 Physical access - SP2.3
2630 <h4><a name="p5.1.3" id="p5.1.3">5.1.3. Power and air conditioning</a></h4>
2632 Refer to Security Policy 2.1.2 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2634 <h4><a name="p5.1.4" id="p5.1.4">5.1.4. Water exposures</a></h4>
2636 Refer to Security Policy 2.1.4 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2638 <h4><a name="p5.1.5" id="p5.1.5">5.1.5. Fire prevention and protection</a></h4>
2640 Refer to Security Policy 2.1.4 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2642 <h4><a name="p5.1.6" id="p5.1.6">5.1.6. Media storage</a></h4>
2644 Refer to Security Policy 4.3 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2646 <h4><a name="p5.1.7" id="p5.1.7">5.1.7. Waste disposal</a></h4>
2650 <h4><a name="p5.1.8" id="p5.1.8">5.1.8. Off-site backup</a></h4>
2652 Refer to Security Policy 4.3 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2655 <h3><a name="p5.2" id="p5.2">5.2. Procedural controls</a></h3>
2657 <h4><a name="p5.2.1" id="p5.2.1">5.2.1. Trusted roles</a></h4>
2660 <li><b> Technical teams:</b>
2662 <li>User support personnel</li>
2663 <li>Systems Administrators -- critical and non-critical</li>
2664 <li>Softare Developers</li>
2665 <li>controllers of keys</li>
2667 Refer to Security Policy 9.1 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>)
2671 <li><b>Assurance:</b>
2674 <li> Any others authorised under COD13 </li>
2676 Refer to Assurance Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>)
2679 <li><b>Governance:</b>
2681 <li>Directors (members of the CAcert Inc. committee, or "Board") </li>
2682 <li>Internal Auditor</li>
2689 <h4><a name="p5.2.2" id="p5.2.2">5.2.2. Number of persons required per task</a></h4>
2691 CAcert operates to the principles of <i>four eyes</i> and <i>dual control</i>.
2692 All important roles require a minimum of two persons.
2693 The people may be tasked to operate
2694 with an additional person observing (<i>four eyes</i>),
2695 or with two persons controlling (<i>dual control</i>).
2698 <h4><a name="p5.2.3" id="p5.2.3">5.2.3. Identification and authentication for each role</a></h4>
2701 All important roles are generally required to be assured
2702 at least to the level of Assurer, as per AP.
2703 Refer to Assurance Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
2708 Refer to Security Policy 9.1 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>).
2711 <h4><a name="p5.2.4" id="p5.2.4">5.2.4. Roles requiring separation of duties</a></h4>
2714 Roles strive in general for separation of duties, either along the lines of
2715 <i>four eyes principle</i> or <i>dual control</i>.
2718 <h3><a name="p5.3" id="p5.3">5.3. Personnel controls</a></h3>
2720 <h4><a name="p5.3.1" id="p5.3.1">5.3.1. Qualifications, experience, and clearance requirements</a></h4>
2723 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
2725 <td><b>Role</b></td> <td><b>Policy</b></td> <td><b>Comments</b></td>
2728 <td><a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html"> COD13 </a></td>
2730 Passes Challenge, Assured to 100 points.
2733 <td>Organisation Assurer</td>
2734 <td><a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/OrganisationAssurancePolicy.html">COD11</a></td>
2736 Trained and tested by two supervising OAs.
2740 <td>SM => COD08</td>
2742 Teams responsible for testing.
2746 <td><a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/DisputeResolutionPolicy.html">COD7</a></td>
2748 Experienced Assurers.
2753 <span class="figure">Table 5.3.1. Controls on Roles</span>
2757 <h4><a name="p5.3.2" id="p5.3.2">5.3.2. Background check procedures</a></h4>
2760 Refer to Security Policy 9.1.3 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>).
2762 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/538/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/security.png"> </a> -->
2764 <h4><a name="p5.3.3" id="p5.3.3">5.3.3. Training requirements</a></h4>
2765 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2766 <h4><a name="p5.3.4" id="p5.3.4">5.3.4. Retraining frequency and requirements</a></h4>
2767 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2769 <h4><a name="p5.3.5" id="p5.3.5">5.3.5. Job rotation frequency and sequence</a></h4>
2770 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2772 <h4><a name="p5.3.6" id="p5.3.6">5.3.6. Sanctions for unauthorized actions</a></h4>
2774 Any actions that are questionable
2775 - whether uncertain or grossly negligent -
2776 may be filed as a dispute.
2777 The Arbitrator has wide discretion in
2778 ruling on loss of points, retraining,
2779 or termination of access or status.
2783 <h4><a name="p5.3.7" id="p5.3.7">5.3.7. Independent contractor requirements</a></h4>
2784 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2786 <h4><a name="p5.3.8" id="p5.3.8">5.3.8. Documentation supplied to personnel</a></h4>
2787 <p>No stipulation.</p>
2789 <h3><a name="p5.4" id="p5.4">5.4. Audit logging procedures</a></h3>
2792 Refer to Security Policy 4.2, 5 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>).
2795 <h3><a name="p5.5" id="p5.5">5.5. Records archival</a></h3>
2797 The standard retention period is 7 years.
2798 Once archived, records can only be obtained and verified
2799 by means of a filed dispute.
2800 Following types of records are archived:
2804 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
2806 <td><b>Record</b></td>
2807 <td><b>Nature</b></td>
2808 <td><b>Exceptions</b></td>
2809 <td><b>Documentation</b></td>
2813 <td>username, primary and added addresses, security questions, Date of Birth</td>
2814 <td>resigned non-subscribers: 0 years.</td>
2815 <td>Security Policy and Privacy Policy</td>
2820 <td>"at least 7 years."<br> as per subsidiary policies</td>
2821 <td>Assurance Policy 4.5</td>
2824 <td>Organisation Assurance</td>
2826 <td>as per subsidiary policies</td>
2827 <td>Organisation Assurance Policy</td>
2830 <td>certificates and revocations</td>
2831 <td> for reliance </td>
2832 <td> 7 years after termination </td>
2836 <td>critical roles</td>
2837 <td>background check worksheets</td>
2838 <td>under direct Arbitrator control</td>
2839 <td>Security Policy 9.1.3</td>
2843 <span class="figure">Table 5.5. Documents and Retention </span>
2847 <h3><a name="p5.6" id="p5.6">5.6. Key changeover</a></h3>
2850 Refer to Security Policy 9.2 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>).
2853 <h3><a name="p5.7" id="p5.7">5.7. Compromise and disaster recovery</a></h3>
2856 Refer to Security Policy 5, 6 (<a href="http://svn.cacert.org/CAcert/Policies/SecurityPolicy.html">COD8</a>).
2857 (Refer to <a href="#p1.4">§1.4</a> for limitations to service.)
2861 <h3><a name="p5.8" id="p5.8">5.8. CA or RA termination</a></h3>
2863 <h4><a name="p5.8.1" id="p5.8.1">5.8.1 CA termination</a></h4>
2868 If CAcert should terminate its operation or be
2869 taken over by another organisation, the actions
2870 will be conducted according to a plan approved
2871 by the CAcert Inc. Board.
2876 In the event of operational termination, the
2877 Roots (including SubRoots)
2878 and all private Member information will be secured.
2879 The Roots will be handed over to a responsible
2880 party for the sole purpose of issuing revocations.
2881 Member information will be securely destroyed.
2885 <span class="change">
2886 The CA cannot be transferrred to another organisation.
2892 In the event of takeover,
2893 the Board will decide if it is in the interest
2894 of the Members to be converted to the
2896 Members will be notified about the conversion
2897 and transfer of the Member information.
2898 Such takeover, conversion or transfer may involve termination
2899 of this CPS and other documents.
2901 Members will have reasonable time in which to file a related
2902 dispute after notification
2903 (at least one month).
2909 <li> The ability to transfer is not given in any of CCA, PP or AP! </li>
2910 <li> The Board does not have the power to terminate a policy, that is the role of policy group! </li>
2911 <li> The right to transfer was against the principles of the CAcert? </li>
2912 <li> Check Association Statutes.... </li>
2917 <span class="change">
2919 New root keys and certificates will be made available
2920 by the new organisation as soon as reasonably practical.
2925 <h4><a name="p5.8.2" id="p5.8.2">5.8.2 RA termination</a></h4>
2928 When an Assurer desires to voluntarily terminates
2929 her responsibilities, she does this by filing a dispute,
2930 and following the instructions of the Arbitrator.
2934 In the case of involuntary termination, the process is
2935 the same, save for some other party filing the dispute.
2942 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
2943 <h2><a name="p6" id="p6">6. TECHNICAL SECURITY CONTROLS</a></h2>
2946 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/221/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/random_number.png"> </a> -->
2948 <h3><a name="p6.1" id="p6.1">6.1. Key Pair Generation and Installation</a></h3>
2950 <h4><a name="p6.1.1" id="p6.1.1">6.1.1. Key Pair Generation</a></h4>
2953 Subscribers generate their own Key Pairs.
2956 <h4><a name="p6.1.2" id="p6.1.2">6.1.2. Subscriber Private key security</a></h4>
2959 There is no technical stipulation on how Subscribers generate
2960 and keep safe their private keys,
2961 however, CCA 2.5 provides for general security obligations.
2962 See <a href="#p9.6">§9.6</a>.
2965 <h4><a name="p6.1.3" id="p6.1.3">6.1.3. Public Key Delivery to Certificate Issuer</a></h4>
2968 Members login to their online account.
2969 Public Keys are delivered by cut-and-pasting
2970 them into the appropriate window.
2971 Public Keys are delivered in signed-CSR form
2972 for X.509 and in self-signed form for OpenPGP.
2975 <h4><a name="p6.1.4" id="p6.1.4">6.1.4. CA Public Key delivery to Relying Parties</a></h4>
2978 The CA root certificates are distributed by these means:
2982 Published on the website of CAcert,
2983 in both HTTP and HTTPS.
2985 Included in Third-Party Software such as
2986 Browsers, Email-Clients.
2987 Such suppliers are subject to the Third Party Vendor Agreement.
2990 <p class="q"> Third Party Vendor Agreement is early wip, only </p>
2992 <h4><a name="p6.1.5" id="p6.1.5">6.1.5. Key sizes</a></h4>
2995 No limitation is placed on Subscriber key sizes.
2999 CAcert X.509 root and intermediate keys are currently 4096 bits.
3000 X.509 roots use RSA and sign with the SHA-1 message digest algorithm.
3001 See <a href="#p4.3.1">§4.3.1</a>.
3005 OpenPGP Signing uses both RSA and DSA (1024 bits).
3009 CAcert adds larger keys and hashes
3010 in line with general cryptographic trends,
3011 and as supported by major software suppliers.
3015 <li> old Class 3 SubRoot is signed with MD5 </li>
3016 <li> likely this will clash with future plans of vendors to drop acceptance of MD5</li>
3017 <li> Is this a concern? </li>
3018 <li> to users who have these certs, a lot? </li>
3019 <li> to audit, not much? </li>
3023 <h4><a name="p6.1.6" id="p6.1.6">6.1.6. Public key parameters generation and quality checking</a></h4>
3029 <h4><a name="p6.1.7" id="p6.1.7">6.1.7. Key Usage Purposes</a></h4>
3033 <li> This section probably needs to detail the key usage bits in the certs. </li>
3038 CAcert roots are general purpose.
3039 Each root key may sign all of the general purposes
3040 - client, server, code.
3044 The website controls the usage purposes that may be signed.
3045 This is effected by means of the 'template' system.
3050 <!-- <a href="http://xkcd.com/257/"> <img align="right" src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/code_talkers.png"> </a> -->
3052 <h3><a name="p6.2" id="p6.2">6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module Engineering Controls</a></h3>
3057 <h4><a name="p6.2.1" id="p6.2.1">6.2.1. Cryptographic module standards and controls</a></h4>
3060 SubRoot keys are stored on a single machine which acts
3061 as a Cryptographic Module, or <i>signing server</i>.
3062 It operates a single daemon for signing only.
3063 The signing server has these security features:
3067 It is connected only by one
3068 dedicated (serial USB) link
3069 to the online account server.
3070 It is not connected to the network,
3071 nor to any internal LAN (ethernet),
3072 nor to a console switch.
3074 The protocol over the dedicated link is a custom, simple
3075 request protocol that only handles certificate signing requests.
3077 The daemon is designed not to reveal the key.
3079 The daemon incorporates a dead-man switch that monitors
3080 the one webserver machine that requests access.
3082 The daemon shuts down if a bad request is detected.
3084 The daemon resides on an encrypted partition.
3086 The signing server can only be (re)started with direct
3087 systems administration access.
3089 Physical Access to the signing server is under dual control.
3093 See §5. and the Security Policy 9.3.1.
3097 (Hardware-based, commercial and standards-based cryptographic
3098 modules have been tried and tested, and similar have been tested,
3099 but have been found wanting, e.g., for short key lengths and
3100 power restrictions.)
3104 What document is responsible for architecture? CPS? SM?
3105 <a href="http://www.cacert.org/help.php?id=7">website</a>?
3106 SM punts it to CPS, so above stays.
3108 There is no criteria on Architecture.
3110 Old questions moved to SM.
3113 <a href="http://www.cacert.org/help.php?id=7">
3114 CAcert Root key protection</a> which should be deprecated by this CPS.
3118 <h3><a name="p6.3" id="p6.3">6.3. Other aspects of key pair management</a></h3>
3119 <h4><a name="p6.3.1" id="p6.3.1">6.3.1. Public key archival</a></h4>
3122 Subscriber certificates, including public keys,
3123 are stored in the database backing the online system.
3124 They are not made available in a public- or subscriber-accessible
3125 archive, see §2.
3126 They are backed-up by CAcert's normal backup procedure,
3127 but their availability is a subscriber responsibility.
3130 <h4><a name="p6.3.2" id="p6.3.2">6.3.2. Certificate operational periods and key pair usage periods</a></h4>
3133 The operational period of a certificate and its key pair
3134 depends on the Assurance status of the Member,
3135 see <a href="#p1.4.5">§1.4.5</a> and Assurance Policy (<a href="http://www.cacert.org/policy/AssurancePolicy.html">COD13</a>).
3139 The CAcert (top-level) Root certificate
3140 has a 30 year expiry.
3141 SubRoots have 10 years, and are to be rolled over more quickly.
3142 The keysize of the root certificates are chosen
3143 in order to ensure an optimum security to CAcert
3144 Members based on current recommendations from the
3145 <a href="http://www.keylength.com/">cryptographic community</a>
3146 and maximum limits in generally available software.
3147 At time of writing this is 4096 bits.
3150 <h3><a name="p6.4" id="p6.4">6.4. Activation data</a></h3>
3151 <p> No stipulation. </p>
3153 <h3><a name="p6.5" id="p6.5">6.5. Computer security controls</a></h3>
3155 Refer to Security Policy.
3158 <h3><a name="p6.6" id="p6.6">6.6. Life cycle technical controls</a></h3>
3160 Refer to SM7 "Software Development".
3163 <h3><a name="p6.7" id="p6.7">6.7. Network security controls</a></h3>
3165 Refer to SM3.1 "Logical Security - Network".
3168 <h3><a name="p6.8" id="p6.8">6.8. Time-stamping</a></h3>
3170 Each server synchronises with NTP.
3171 No "timestamping" service is currently offered.
3175 <li> How does the signing server syncronise if only connected over serial?</li>
3176 <li> How is timestamping done on records?</li>
3182 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
3183 <h2><a name="p7" id="p7">7. CERTIFICATE, CRL, AND OCSP PROFILES</a></h2>
3186 CAcert defines all the meanings, semantics and profiles
3187 applicable to issuance of certificates and signatures
3188 in its policies, handbooks and other documents.
3189 Meanings that may be written in external standards or documents
3190 or found in wider conventions are not
3191 incorporated, are not used by CAcert, and must not be implied
3192 by the Member or the Non-related Person.
3195 <h3><a name="p7.1" id="p7.1">7.1. Certificate profile</a></h3>
3196 <h4><a name="p7.1.1" id="p7.1.1">7.1.1. Version number(s)</a></h4>
3197 <p class="q"> What versions of PGP are signed? v3? v4? </p>
3200 Issued X.509 certificates are of v3 form.
3201 The form of the PGP signatures depends on several factors, therefore no stipulation.
3204 <h4><a name="p7.1.2" id="p7.1.2">7.1.2. Certificate extensions</a></h4>
3207 Client certificates include the following extensions:
3210 <li>basicConstraints=CA:FALSE (critical)</li>
3211 <li>keyUsage=digitalSignature,keyEncipherment,keyAgreement (critical)</li>
3212 <li>extendedKeyUsage=emailProtection,clientAuth,msEFS,msSGC,nsSGC</li>
3213 <li>authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http://ocsp.cacert.org</li>
3214 <li>crlDistributionPoints=URI:<crlUri> where <crlUri> is replaced
3215 with the URI where the certificate revocation list relating to the
3216 certificate is found</li>
3217 <li>subjectAltName=(as per <a href="#p3.1.1">§3.1.1.</a>).</li>
3220 <li> what about Client Certificates Adobe Signing extensions ?</li>
3221 <li> SubjectAltName should become critical if DN is removed http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.6</li>
3225 Server certificates include the following extensions:
3228 <li>basicConstraints=CA:FALSE (critical)</li>
3229 <li>keyUsage=digitalSignature,keyEncipherment,keyAgreement (critical)</li>
3230 <li>extendedKeyUsage=clientAuth,serverAuth,nsSGC,msSGC</li>
3231 <li>authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http://ocsp.cacert.org</li>
3232 <li>crlDistributionPoints=URI:<crlUri> where <crlUri> is replaced
3233 with the URI where the certificate revocation list relating to the
3234 certificate is found</li>
3235 <li>subjectAltName=(as per <a href="#p3.1.1">§3.1.1.</a>).</li>
3239 Code-Signing certificates include the following extensions:
3242 <li>basicConstraints=CA:FALSE (critical)</li>
3243 <li>keyUsage=digitalSignature,keyEncipherment,keyAgreement (critical)</li>
3244 <li>extendedKeyUsage=emailProtection,clientAuth,codeSigning,msCodeInd,msCodeCom,msEFS,msSGC,nsSGC</li>
3245 <li>authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http://ocsp.cacert.org</li>
3246 <li>crlDistributionPoints=URI:<crlUri> where <crlUri> is replaced
3247 with the URI where the certificate revocation list relating to the
3248 certificate is found</li>
3249 <li>subjectAltName=(as per <a href="#p3.1.1">§3.1.1.</a>).</li>
3252 <li> what about subjectAltName for Code-signing</li>
3256 OpenPGP key signatures currently do not include extensions.
3257 In the future, a serial number might be included as an extension.
3261 <h4><a name="p7.1.3" id="p7.1.3">7.1.3. Algorithm object identifiers</a></h4>
3266 <h4><a name="p7.1.4" id="p7.1.4">7.1.4. Name forms</a></h4>
3268 Refer to <a href="#p3.1.1">§3.1.1</a>.
3271 <h4><a name="p7.1.5" id="p7.1.5">7.1.5. Name constraints</a></h4>
3273 Refer to <a href="#p3.1.1">§3.1.1</a>.
3276 <h4><a name="p7.1.6" id="p7.1.6">7.1.6. Certificate policy object identifier</a></h4>
3278 The following OIDs are defined and should be incorporated
3282 <table border="1" cellpadding="5">
3296 1.3.6.1.4.1.18506.4.4
3299 Certification Practice Statement
3302 (this present document)
3308 Versions are defined by additional numbers appended such as .1.
3311 <h4><a name="p7.1.7" id="p7.1.7">7.1.7. Usage of Policy Constraints extension</a></h4>
3316 <h4><a name="p7.1.8" id="p7.1.8">7.1.8. Policy qualifiers syntax and semantics</a></h4>
3321 <h4><a name="p7.1.9" id="p7.1.9">7.1.9. Processing semantics for the critical Certificate Policies extension</a></h4>
3327 <h3><a name="p7.2" id="p7.2">7.2. CRL profile</a></h3>
3328 <h4><a name="p7.2.1" id="p7.2.1">7.2.1. Version number(s)</a></h4>
3330 CRLs are created in X.509 v2 format.
3333 <h4><a name="p7.2.2" id="p7.2.2">7.2.2. CRL and CRL entry extensions</a></h4>
3339 <h3><a name="p7.3" id="p7.3">7.3. OCSP profile</a></h3>
3340 <h4><a name="p7.3.1" id="p7.3.1">7.3.1. Version number(s)</a></h4>
3342 The OCSP responder operates in Version 1.
3344 <h4><a name="p7.3.2" id="p7.3.2">7.3.2. OCSP extensions</a></h4>
3351 <!-- *************************************************************** -->
3352 <h2><a name="p8" id="p8">8. COMPLIANCE AUDIT AND OTHER ASSESSMENTS</a></h2>
3355 There are two major threads of assessment:
3359 <b>Systems Audit</b>.
3360 Analyses the CA for business and operations security.
3361 This is conducted in two phases: documents for compliance
3362 with criteria, and operations for compliance with documentation.
3365 Analyses the source code.
3366 This is conducted at two levels:
3367 Security concepts at the web applications level,
3368 and source code security and bugs review.
3372 See the Audit page at
3373 <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/Audit/">
3374 wiki.cacert.org/wiki/Audit/</a>
3375 for more information.
3378 <h3><a name="p8.1" id="p8.1">8.1. Frequency or circumstances of assessment</a></h3>
3380 The first audits started in late 2005,
3381 and since then, assessments have been an
3383 Even when completed, they are expected to
3384 be permanent features.
3388 <b>Systems Audit</b>.
3390 The first phase of the first audit is nearing completion.
3391 The second phase starts in earnest when documentation is in
3392 effect, at lease as DRAFT under PoP.
3393 As the second phase is dependent on
3394 this CPS and the Security Policy, they will
3395 be in effect as DRAFT at least
3396 before the first audit is completed.
3397 Only prior and completed audits can be reported here.
3402 A complete review of entire source code has not yet been completed.
3406 <h3><a name="p8.2" id="p8.2">8.2. Identity/qualifications of assessor</a></h3>
3409 <b>Systems Auditors.</b>
3410 CAcert uses business systems auditors with broad experience
3411 across the full range of business, information systems
3412 and security fields.
3413 In selecting a business systems auditor, CAcert looks for
3414 experience that includes but is not limited to
3415 cryptography, PKI, governance, auditing,
3416 compliance and regulatory environments,
3417 business strategy, software engineering,
3418 networks, law (including multijurisdictional issues),
3419 identity systems, fraud, IT management.
3422 <!-- <center><a href="http://xkcd.com/511/"> <img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/sleet.png"> </a> </center> -->
3425 <b>Code Auditors.</b>
3426 See Security Policy, sections 7, 9.1.
3429 <h3><a name="p8.3" id="p8.3">8.3. Assessor's relationship to assessed entity</a></h3>
3432 Specific internal restrictions on audit personnel:
3436 Must be Assured by CAcert Assurers
3437 and must be background checked.
3439 Must not have been active in any (other) role in CAcert.
3440 Specifically, must not be an Assurer, a member of the association,
3441 or in any other defined role or office.
3443 Although the Auditor may be expected to undertake various
3444 of the activities (Assurance, Training)
3445 during the process of the audit, any results are frozen
3446 until resignation as auditor is effected.
3448 The Auditor is required to declare to CAcert all
3449 potential conflicts of interest on an ongoing basis.
3453 Specific external restrictions on audit personnel:
3457 Should have a verifiable and lengthy history in
3458 user privacy and user security.
3460 Must not have worked for a competitive organisation.
3462 Must not have worked for national security, intelligence,
3463 LEO or similar agencies.
3467 An Auditor may convene an audit team.
3468 The same restrictions apply in general
3469 to all members of the team, but may be varied.
3470 Any deviations must be documented and approved
3471 by the CAcert Inc. Board.
3474 <h3><a name="p8.4" id="p8.4">8.4. Topics covered by assessment</a></h3>
3477 Systems Audits are generally conducted to criteria.
3478 CAcert requires that the criteria are open:
3483 The criteria must be reviewable by all interested parties.
3486 They should be understandable, in that they provide the
3487 sufficient information in a readable form for interested
3488 parties to follow the gist and importance.
3489 (Arcane security criteria may stretch this requirement.)
3492 There must be sufficent background information that the
3493 whole story is there. Especially, criteria that refer
3494 to undocumented practices or conventions deliberately
3495 kept secret must be avoided.
3497 Applicable. The criteria should relate directly
3498 and unambiguously to a need of the identified interested parties
3499 (Members, Relying Parties, Subscribers, Assurers).
3504 <a href="http://rossde.com/CA_review/">DRC</a>
3505 for the current criteria.
3506 If Auditor determines that a criteria fails to
3507 follow the meet the above requirements, then the criteria
3508 should be reworked to conform, or should be dropped
3509 (both with explanatory notes).
3512 <h3><a name="p8.5" id="p8.5">8.5. Actions taken as a result of deficiency</a></h3>
3515 <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/Audit/Done">Audit Done list</a>
3516 for work completed, and
3517 <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AuditToDo">Audit Todo list</a>
3518 for work in progress.
3522 Auditor may issue directives instructing changes,
3523 where essential to audit success or other extreme
3525 Directives should be grounded on criteria,
3526 on established minimum or safe practices,
3527 or clearly described logic.
3528 Adequate discussion with Community
3529 (e.g., CAcert Inc. Board and with Policy Group)
3530 should precede any directive.
3531 They should be presented to the same standard
3532 as the criteria, above.
3537 <a href="http://wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AuditDirectives">
3538 wiki.cacert.org/wiki/AuditDirectives</a>
3539 documents issued directives and actions.
3542 <h3><a name="p8.6" id="p8.6">8.6. Communication of results</a></h3>